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Tea Types Defined
... for tea, though ridiculed by those who are naturally coarse in their nervous sensibilities, or are become so from wine-drinking, and are not susceptible of influence from so refined a stimulant, will always be the favored beverage of the intellectual.
------ Thomas De Quincey (1785 - 1859)
Confessions of an English Opium-Eater
There's only one species of tea plant, Camellia sinensis, which can grow in dense jungles to Himalayan hilltops. The plant may vary in size and appearance in response to its environment; it may acquire different characteristics due to soil type, but it's all the same plant. The difference as far as tea drinkers are concerned is in the processing.
The processing that occurs after the leaf is picked determines the type, white, green, oolong or black that is produced. All other teas, not made from the Camellia plant, are called tisanes. The chart below depicts the processing that determines the tea type.
 
Tea Grades
Tea grades, an attempt to rank teas, are varied by nation and grower. They have very little to do with quality of tea. Some of the more commonly used terms, by no means a complete list, are detailed here:
 
OP - Orange Pekoe:
The term often used to describe the largest leaf grade for teas from Sri Lanka and India picked from the upper portion of the plant, derived from the Dutch House of Orange. Pekoe was derived from a Chinese word meaning white down referring to the white tips of young tea buds.
 
FOP - Flowery Orange Pekoe:
The largest of the pekoe leaves
 
GFOP - Golden Flowery Orange Pekoe:
FOP with slender white to yellow buds included
 
TGFOP - Tippy Golden Flowery Orange Pekoe:
FOP with a larger proportion of golden tips than GFOP
 
FTGFOP - Finest Tippy Golden Flowery Orange Pekoe:
Very high quality FOP, Lots of buds and large whole leaves
 
SFTGFOP - Supreme Finest Tippy Golden Flowery Orange Pekoe:
Gets a little crazy here. The "S" can stand for supreme or superior grade or refer to the quality of the brewed tea.
 
BOP - Broken Orange Pekoe:
Broken size tealeaves
 
BOPF - Broken Orange Pekoe Fannings:
Tea bag quality tealeaf, broken into very small pieces
 
CTC - Crush Tear Curl
A machine processed tealeaf. Once thought to be an inferior grade used only in tea bags, current CTC production yields some rather nice cups. CTC is the best tealeaf grade for making Chai.
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